Peptide Science & Research Portfolio
Comprehensive analytical guide detailing primary mechanisms of action, scientific research objectives, and standardized laboratory handling protocols for American Top Lab research compounds.
Active Synthesis & Research Compounds
Displaying active verified compounds with batch traceability, HPLC purity specs, and dual-layer security PINs.
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Derived Peptide)
• Mitochondrial-Derived Metabolic Regulator1. What It Does (Mechanism)
MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. It acts as an exercise-mimetic and systemic metabolic regulator, exerting potent metabolic control by targeting skeletal muscle to stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and activate the AICAR transformylase pathway, bypassing canonical upstream kinase cascades.
2. Why It Is Studied
- • Investigation of cellular metabolic reprogramming and fuel utilization pathways.
- • Examination of insulin sensitization mechanisms and glucose transporter (GLUT4) translocation in skeletal muscle.
- • Analysis of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).
- • Study of exercise-mimetic metabolic adaptations at the cellular and tissue level.
3. Lab Preparation Protocol
For analytical and in-vitro research use only. Reconstitute using sterile Bacteriostatic Water (BAC) with gentle orbital mixing; do not vortex. Store lyophilized powder at -20°C. Once reconstituted, store at 2°C – 8°C and use within 14 days.
GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1)
• Naturally Occurring Copper-Binding Tripeptide1. What It Does (Mechanism)
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring human blood tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) complexed with copper(II) ions. It regulates over 4,000 human genes, restoring gene expression to a healthier, youthful profile. It upregulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, stimulates decorin, modulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
2. Why It Is Studied
- • Study of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, collagen type I & III synthesis, and tissue regeneration mechanisms.
- • Investigation of copper chelation dynamics, free-radical neutralization, and suppression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6).
- • Analysis of gene expression modulation across fibroblast and endothelial cell lines.
- • Exploration of cellular wound-healing kinetics and microvascular capillary sprouting.
3. Lab Preparation Protocol
For analytical and in-vitro research use only. Reconstitute with sterile Bacteriostatic Water (BAC) or sterile saline. Avoid vigorous shaking. Store lyophilized powder at -20°C protected from light. Reconstituted solutions should be stored at 2°C – 8°C and utilized within 21 days.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
• Essential Cellular Coenzyme & Sirtuin Activator1. What It Does (Mechanism)
NAD+ is a critical coenzyme found in all living cells, essential for fundamental metabolic processes including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Beyond redox biochemistry, NAD+ serves as an obligatory substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1-7), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and cyclic ADP-ribose synthases (CD38/CD157), directly governing cellular longevity pathways, epigenetic regulation, and mitochondrial homeostasis.
2. Why It Is Studied
- • Quantification of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and ATP production dynamics.
- • Investigation of sirtuin activation (particularly SIRT1 & SIRT3) and downstream metabolic signaling.
- • Study of PARP1-mediated DNA damage repair responses and NAD+ consumption rates.
- • Exploration of age-associated cellular NAD+ depletion models and replenishment pharmacology.
3. Lab Preparation Protocol
For analytical and in-vitro research use only. Reconstitute in sterile Bacteriostatic Water or normal saline. NAD+ is sensitive to temperature and light; maintain lyophilized vials at -20°C. After reconstitution, keep refrigerated at 2°C – 8°C and utilize within 7 to 10 days to prevent spontaneous hydrolysis.
Somatropin (Recombinant Human Growth Hormone)
• 191-Amino Acid Somatotropic Agonist1. What It Does (Mechanism)
Somatropin is a 191-amino acid single-chain polypeptide hormone produced via recombinant DNA technology, structurally and chemically identical to endogenous human growth hormone (hGH). It binds with high affinity to dimeric growth hormone receptors (GHR), inducing intracellular Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) phosphorylation and triggering the STAT5 signaling pathway. This activates transcription of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in hepatic and peripheral tissues, promoting protein synthesis, chondrogenesis, and cellular proliferation.
2. Why It Is Studied
- • Investigation of JAK2/STAT5 intracellular signaling cascade and transcriptional kinetics.
- • Measurement of hepatic and peripheral IGF-1 gene transcription and protein expression profiles.
- • Study of lipolytic signaling cascades via hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) upregulation in adipocytes.
- • Evaluation of nitrogen retention dynamics, amino acid transport, and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle models.
3. Lab Preparation Protocol
For analytical and in-vitro research use only. Reconstitute gently with 1.0 mL sterile Bacteriostatic Water directed against the vial wall. Swirl slowly until clear; never agitate or vortex as protein denaturation will occur. Store lyophilized vials at 2°C – 8°C. Store reconstituted solution at 2°C – 8°C and use within 21 days.
CJC-1295 (Modified GRF 1-29)
• Pulsatile GHRH Receptor Agonist1. What It Does (Mechanism)
CJC-1295 (Modified GRF 1-29) is a synthetic 29-amino acid peptide analogue of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH). It features D-Ala, Gln, Ala, and Leu substitutions at positions 2, 8, 15, and 27, conferring significant resistance against cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). CJC-1295 binds to the GHRH receptor on anterior pituitary somatotroph cells, activating the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade and inducing pulsatile, physiological release of endogenous growth hormone while maintaining natural feedback inhibition mechanisms.
2. Why It Is Studied
- • Evaluation of GHRH receptor binding affinity, cAMP signaling pathway activation, and somatotroph secretagogue kinetics.
- • Comparative pharmacokinetic profiling of DPP-4 enzymatic degradation resistance versus native GHRH(1-29).
- • Measurement of pulsatile endogenous GH release profiles and subsequent serum IGF-1 elevation in model systems.
- • Study of pituitary receptor sensitivity and absence of desensitization under continuous exposure protocols.
3. Lab Preparation Protocol
For analytical and in-vitro research use only. Reconstitute with sterile Bacteriostatic Water using gentle rotational movement. Store lyophilized powder at -20°C. Reconstituted peptide must be refrigerated at 2°C – 8°C and used within 14 days.
Ipamorelin
• Selective Ghrelin Receptor Agonist1. What It Does (Mechanism)
Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) and a selective growth hormone secretagogue (GHS). It acts as an agonist at the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor 1a (GHSR-1a / ghrelin receptor). Unlike older secretagogues such as GHRP-6 or GHRP-2, Ipamorelin does not induce significant off-target elevations in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, prolactin, or aldosterone, making it an extraordinarily clean and selective pharmacological tool for isolated somatotroph stimulation research.
2. Why It Is Studied
- • Investigation of GHSR-1a selective receptor binding dynamics and intracellular calcium flux kinetics.
- • Evaluation of hormonal selectivity profiles, confirming isolation of GH secretion without ACTH/cortisol/prolactin elevations.
- • Exploration of synergistic somatotrophic signaling when combined with GHRH analogues in pituitary cell models.
- • Study of ghrelin pathway modulation in cellular lipid metabolism, nitrogen balance, and bone mineral deposition.
3. Lab Preparation Protocol
For analytical and in-vitro research use only. Reconstitute with sterile Bacteriostatic Water. Allow lyophilized cake to dissolve naturally; swirl gently. Store lyophilized product at -20°C. Keep reconstituted solution refrigerated at 2°C – 8°C and use within 20 days.
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